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Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
"Dictionary of Pali Names" by G P Malalasekera (1899-1973), which is available as printed version from "The Pali Text Society, London".
英国伦敦巴利圣典协会印刷出版的 Pali Proper Names 佛教辞典,对于 巴利词gandhabba的释义:
A class of semi-divine beings who inhabit the Cātumma-hārājika-realm and are the lowest among the devas (D.ii.212). They are generally classed together with the Asuras and the Nāgas (E.g., A.iv.200, 204, 207). Beings are born among them as a result of having practised the lowest form of sīla (D.ii.212, 271).
(甘塔拔)一群半神的有情,居住在四大天王天,是最低层的天界 (D.ii.212). 他们通常与阿苏罗和那伽归为一类(E.g., A.iv.200, 204, 207). 有情通常因为持守了最低层次的戒而投生于此。
It is a disgrace for a monk to be born in the Gandhabba-world (D.ii.221, 251, 273f). The Gandhabbas are regarded as the heavenly musicians, and Pañcasikha, Suriyavaccasā and her father Timbarū are among their number (D.ii.264).
若一位比库投生为甘塔拔通常被认为是一种羞耻(D.ii.221, 251, 273f). 通常甘塔拔被视为音乐神,或者称为:般遮翼, 五髻, 五頂 (樂神),其父亲是Timbarū(D.ii.264).
They wait on such devas as Sakka, and the males among them form the masculine counterpart of the accharā, the nymphs. Their king is Dhatarattha, ruler of the eastern quarter (D.ii.257). Other chieftains are also mentioned (D.ii.258):Panāda, Opamañña, Sakka’s charioteer Mātalī,Cittasena, Nala andJanesabha.
他们侍候诸神如沙咔天帝,他们中的男性有如仙女一般 ,他们的王是持国天王,掌管着天界的东方(D.ii.257). 其他的首领也被提及(D.ii.258):Panāda, Opamañña, Sakka’s charioteer Mātalī,Cittasena, Nala andJanesabha.
The Gandhabbas are sometimes described as vihangamā (going through the air) (A.ii.39; AA.ii.506). In the ātānātiya Sutta (D.iii.203, 204) the Gandhabbas are mentioned among those likely to trouble monks and nuns in their meditations in solitude. The Buddha says that beings are born among the Gandhabakāyikā devā because they wish to be so; they are described as dwelling in the fragrance of root-wood, of bark and sap, and in that of flowers and scents (S.iii.250f).
甘塔拔有时又被描述为一种飞鸟 (A.ii.39; AA.ii.506). 在《长部•阿嗒那帝亚经》(D.iii.203, 204) 甘塔拔被描述为喜欢捉弄独处禅修的僧人和尼众。佛陀说有情投生于甘塔拔身之天界,是因为他们心愿如此;他们也被描述为居住于芳香的植物的根茎、皮和液汁、或者花和香味。
It is often stated that the Gandhabbas preside over conception; this is due to an erroneous translation of the word gandhabba in passages (E.g., M.i.157, 265f) dealing with the circumstances necessary for conception (mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca paccupatthito hoti).
甘塔拔(Gandhabbas)经常被说成掌管入胎;这是因为gandhabba一词错误的翻译释义于一句 (E.g., M.i.157, 265f) “只有父母结合,母亲在受胎期,和甘塔拔现前,如此三者结合才会入胎。”(mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca paccupatthito hoti).《中部•大爱尽经》(M.1.408)
The Commentaries (E.g., MA.i.481f ) explain that here gandhabba means tatrūpakasatta - tasmim okāse nibbattanako satto - meaning a being fit and ready to be born to the parents concerned. The Tīkā says that the word stands for gantabba.
注释书(E.g., MA.i.481f ) 解释此处的甘塔拔gandhabba意思是tatrūpakasatta-意思是适合和准备投生的到此相关父母的有情。复注说这个词tatrūpakasatta可以代表(代替)gandhabba。
ANICCA汉译
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